中国竹产业在乡村振兴中的发展对策

中国竹资源丰富，竹业是山区农民的重要经济来源。随着科技的进步，中国竹产业发展取得了很大进步，但在乡村地区竹产业的优势和潜力尚未充分发挥。当前，中国“三农”工作的重心已转向全面推进乡村振兴，竹资源丰富地区也成为乡村振兴的主要战场，竹产业在乡村振兴中大有可为。文章分析了中国竹产业发展现状以及乡村地区竹产业发展存在的问题，提出了竹产业服务于乡村振兴的对策。     

舒城县干汊河镇农村集体“三资”管理现状与建议

阐述了舒城县干汊河镇农村集体"三资"管理取得的成效,指出了管理过程中存在的问题,并提出了加强农村集体"三资"管理的建议。     

Detection of Ecballium elaterium in hedgerow olive orchards using a low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicle and open-source algorithms

BACKGROUND

Ecballium elaterium (common name: squirting cucumber) is an emerging weed problem in hedgerow or superintensive olive groves under no tillage. It colonizes the inter-row area infesting the natural or sown cover crops, and is considered a hard-to-control weed. Research in other woody crops has shown E. elaterium has a patchy distribution, which makes this weed susceptible to design a site-specific control strategy only addressed to E. elaterium patches. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop a methodology based on the analysis of imagery acquired with an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and map E. elaterium infestations in hedgerow olive orchards.

RESULTS

The study was conducted in two superintensive olive orchards, and the images were taken using a UAV equipped with an RGB sensor. Flights were conducted on two dates: in May, when there were various weeds infesting the orchard, and in September, when E. elaterium was the only infesting weed. UAV-orthomosaics in the first scenario were classified using random forest models, and the orthomosaics from September with E. elaterium as the only weed, were analyzed using an unsupervised algorithm. In both cases, the overall accuracies were over 0.85, and the producer's accuracies for E. elaterium ranged between 0.74 and 1.00.

CONCLUSION

These results allow the design of a site-specific and efficient herbicide control protocol which would represent a step forward in sustainable weed management. The development of these algorithms in free and open-source software fosters their application in small and medium farms. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

新疆南部农区鼠害调查与成因分析

南疆农区鼠害严重,但基础资料不足。为摸清当地鼠害发生特点,提供有效治理依据,本研究于2018年-2019年在南疆5地州39乡64村开展实地与问卷调查,并采用夹捕法调查害鼠种群构成。结果表明,南疆5地州农村普遍遭受鼠害影响,喀什与和田地区农田受害比例达89.4%,问卷结果表明农户和农田鼠害发生率均大于75%,且西部地区重于东部,约一半受访农户估计每年因鼠害损失超过500元。褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus是农户主要害鼠,占比超过70%;农田则以小家鼠Mus musculus和乌拉尔姬鼠Apodemus uralensis为主。这些结果表明,南疆农区鼠害处于重发态势,褐家鼠是主要鼠害来源,并有外来入侵风险。下一步应聚焦于监测主要害鼠种群动态规律,阐明褐家鼠来源和侵入机制,并探索建立适于当地的害鼠防治模式。     

Gross anatomy,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint

This study was aimed to provide anatomical atlas of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints using computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as to investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric features of this joint. The limbs of twenty adult Sanjabi sheep were examined. Imaging was performed using a 16-slice multi-detector CT scanner and a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The obtained images were correlated with corresponding anatomical sections. BMD was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) method. Also morphometric features included distance between metacarpal and metatarsal heads, width of metacarpal and metatarsal head, length, width and the height of the proximal sesamoid bones were measured. In MRI images, compact bones, ligaments and tendons showed less signal intensity (hypointense). The fatty tissue and bone marrow had more signal intensity (hyperintense), but articular cartilage and synovial fluid showed moderate signal intensity. BMD in the left hind limb was significantly higher than other three limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The length of proximal sesamoid bones in left forelimb was higher than right forelimb (p ≤ 0.05). The thickness of proximal sesamoid bones in left limbs was higher than those in their counterparts (p ≤ 0.05). The width of the medial head in the forelimbs was significantly greater than the hind limbs (p ≤ 0.05). The present results might be useful in managing the clinical techniques on this joint. Larger volume of the proximal sesamoid bones and wider medial head in the forelimbs compared to the hindlimbs impel this speculation that the centre of gravity is closer to the forelimbs.     

肇庆市林下经济发展现状及对策研究

林下经济是以林地资源为依托,充分利用林下土地资源和林荫空间进行科学种植、养殖以及开展旅游活动的一种经济模式。在总结肇庆市林下经济发展现状的基础上,深入分析林下经济发展过程中存在的问题,并提出发展林下经济的对策及建议。     

武汉市农村种植户综合污水污染指标研究

指出了随着武汉市农村地区农副产品加工和水产、牲畜养殖的规模化发展,农村生活污水和生产废水的排放量与日俱增。随机对武汉市农村地区6个村庄,每个村庄3户农家的水样进行了取样和检测,分析了水质的COD、BOD、T N、T P、T SS ,结果表明：各地区水质特征基本吻合,整体波动幅度不大,提出了使用STCC工艺处理武汉市农村种植户综合污水的方案。     

浅谈如何在新农村中开展林果技术服务

目前,土地流转、技术服务、推广资金、人员素质等一系列问题,严重制约了新农村林果经济的生产与发展.在建设社会主义新农村的伟大历史时期,要增加农民收入,大力发展林果经济,重点加强科技推广,林业资源开发,林业技术人员培训等,努力提高林果技术服务的水平和效果.     

《农村土地承包经营权要素编码规则》国家标准解读

农村土地承包经营权要素编码是开展农村土地承包管理的基础性工作。《农村土地承包经营权要素编码规则》(GB/T 35958-2018)于2018年9月1日开始实施,必将对规范农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作和促进土地承包管理信息化建设发挥极其重要的作用。为便于国家标准GB/T 35958-2018使用者理解和执行,本文对标准的主要内容进行分析和解读。介绍了GB/T 35958-2018的编制背景,分析了标准的内容要素和层次结构,剖析了标准中农村土地承包经营权要素的代码结构、编码方法和赋码规则,揭示了GB/T 35958-2018与国内相关标准的关系,特别是与NY/T 2538-2014的内在关联性,指出了GB/T 35958-2018在应用过程中需要注意的若干问题,并就及时宣贯和修订国家标准提出了建议。研究可望深化对农村土地承包经营权要素编码的认识,促进GB/T 35958-2018在农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证工作中的有效实施和规范应用。